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Transcutane Schrittmacherstimulation/en: Unterschied zwischen den Versionen

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Transcutaneous pacemaker stimulation is a replacement therapy until an intravenous or definitive subcutaneous pacemaker is available ("bridge device"). Transcutaneous pacemaker stimulation can be used effectively when used correctly, but requires precise knowledge of the system and permanent monitoring of the patient.
 
Transcutaneous pacemaker stimulation is a replacement therapy until an intravenous or definitive subcutaneous pacemaker is available ("bridge device"). Transcutaneous pacemaker stimulation can be used effectively when used correctly, but requires precise knowledge of the system and permanent monitoring of the patient.
  
'''<u>Vorgehen bei der transcutanen Schrittmacherstimulation</u>:'''
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'''<u>Procedure for transcutaneous pacemaker stimulation</u>:''''
  
# Elektroden auf ihr Verfallsdatum prüfen. Verfallene Elektroden dürfen auf keinen Fall verwendet werde, da mit hoher Wahrscheinlichkeit (!!!) mit einer ineffektiven Stimulation zu rechnen ist.
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# Check electrodes for their expiration date... # Expired electrodes must not be used under any circumstances, as there is a high probability (!!!) of ineffective stimulation. # Shave skin and degrease electrodes with the electrode cable before applying the electrodes # Attach electrodes firmly with the electrode cable # Anterior electrode over the tip of the heart, posterior electrode posterior 2-3 transverse fingers under the scapula # Inform patients about painful stimulation and use analgesics (morphine) and possibly additional analgesics (morphine). Have benzodiazepine ready and administer later as required # Switch on pacemaker # Set stimulation mode, usually VVI or Demand (depending on the device; this means that the pacemaker stimulates in the ventricle [V], perceives impulses in the ventricle [V] and that the stimulation is inhibited [I] if one's own ventricle impulse is perceived; Demand = demand controlled.) # Set frequency 70 (or 80) # Slow increase of the impulse current until effective stimulation (analgesia!) in awake patients. The resuscitation starts with the highest pulse current. NOTE: Effective stimulation should not be assessed by ECG alone. A pulse keying is indispensable! # Stimulus threshold test and final adjustment of the pulse current strength:
# Vor Anlegen der Elektroden Haut rasieren und entfetten
 
# Elektroden mit dem Elektrodenkabel fest konnektieren
 
# Anteriore Elektrode über die Herzspitze, posteriore Elektrode posterior 2-3 Querfinger unter der Scapula aufkleben
 
# Patienten über schmerzhafte Stimulation aufklären und Analgetika (Morphin) und zusätzlich evtl. Benzodiazepin bereithalten und später nach Bedarf verabreichen
 
# Schrittmachergerät einschalten
 
# Stimulationsmodus einstellen, i. d. R. VVI bzw. Demand (je nach Gerät; dies bedeutet, dass der Herzschrittmacher im Ventrikel [V] stimuliert, im Ventrikel [V] impulse wahrnimmt und dass die Stimulation inhibiert [I] wird, wenn ein eigener Ventrikelimpuls wahrgenommen wird; Demand = bedarfsgesteuert.)
 
# Frequenz 70 (oder 80) einstellen
 
# Langsame Steigerung des Impulsstroms bis zur effektiven Stimulation (Analgesie!) bei wachen Patienten. In der Reanimation wird mit der höchsten Impulsstromstärke begonnen. MERKE: Die effektive Stimulation darf nicht alleine nach EKG beurteilt werden. Eine Pulstastung ist unabdingbar!
 
# Reizschwellentest und endgültige Einstellung der Impulsstromstärke:
 
  
Die niedrigste zur effektiven Stimulation nötige Impulsstromstärke ist die Reizschwelle. Eine
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The lowest pulse current required for effective stimulation is the stimulation threshold. One
  
sichere Stimulation ist nur oberhalb der Reizschwelle zu gewährleisten. Die doppelte
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Safe stimulation can only be guaranteed above the stimulation threshold. The double
  
Impulsenergie wäre empfehlenswert, wenn sie vom Patienten unter Analgesie toleriert wird.
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Impulse energy would be recommended if it is tolerated by the patient under analgesia.
  
# Sensingschwellentest:
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# Sensing threshold test:
  
Um sicher zu gehen, daß der Schrittmacher eigene Herzaktionen erkennt und nicht in die
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To make sure that the pacemaker recognizes his own heart actions and does not
  
vulnerable Phase des Eigenrhythmus stimuliert sollte das Sensing des Schrittmachers möglichst
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the sensitive phase of the pacemaker should be stimulated as much as possible.
  
niedrig eingestellt werden. Eine Prüfung der Sensingschwelle ist in der Praxis nur dann möglich
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can be set low. In practice, it is only possible to check the sensing threshold if
  
wenn auch schnellere Eigenrhythmen als die niedrigste einstellbare Schrittmacherfrequenz vorhanden sind. Dabei wird beim Schrittmachergerät auf diese niedrigste Frequenz (idR. 30min) geschaltet und das Sensing in milliVolt langsam erhöht bis die Eigenaktionen nicht mehr erkannt werden und der Schrittmacher unabhängig von den Eigenaktionen des Herzens mit 30 stimuliert. Die höchste Einstellung, bei der gerade noch Eigenaktionen erkannt wurden ist die Sensingschwelle. Die endgültige Einstellung sollte auf die Hälfte der Sensingschwelle erfolgen um auch das Erkennen von Extrasystolen mit evtl. niedrigeren Potentialen zu ermöglichen. Die Einstellung sollte nicht zu niedrig gewählt werden um eine Inhibition des Schrittmachers durch Muskelpotentiale zu vermeiden.
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although faster eigenrhythms than the lowest adjustable pacemaker frequency are present. The pacemaker device switches to this lowest frequency (idR. 30min) and slowly increases the sensing in milliVolt until the own actions are no longer recognized and the pacemaker stimulates with 30 independent of the own actions of the heart. The highest setting at which self actions have just been detected is the sensing threshold. The final setting should be at half of the sensing threshold to enable the detection of extrasystoles with possibly lower potentials. The setting should not be too low to avoid inhibition of the pacemaker by muscle potentials.

Aktuelle Version vom 16. April 2019, 22:30 Uhr

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Transcutaneous pacemaker stimulation is a replacement therapy until an intravenous or definitive subcutaneous pacemaker is available ("bridge device"). Transcutaneous pacemaker stimulation can be used effectively when used correctly, but requires precise knowledge of the system and permanent monitoring of the patient.

Procedure for transcutaneous pacemaker stimulation:'

  1. Check electrodes for their expiration date... # Expired electrodes must not be used under any circumstances, as there is a high probability (!!!) of ineffective stimulation. # Shave skin and degrease electrodes with the electrode cable before applying the electrodes # Attach electrodes firmly with the electrode cable # Anterior electrode over the tip of the heart, posterior electrode posterior 2-3 transverse fingers under the scapula # Inform patients about painful stimulation and use analgesics (morphine) and possibly additional analgesics (morphine). Have benzodiazepine ready and administer later as required # Switch on pacemaker # Set stimulation mode, usually VVI or Demand (depending on the device; this means that the pacemaker stimulates in the ventricle [V], perceives impulses in the ventricle [V] and that the stimulation is inhibited [I] if one's own ventricle impulse is perceived; Demand = demand controlled.) # Set frequency 70 (or 80) # Slow increase of the impulse current until effective stimulation (analgesia!) in awake patients. The resuscitation starts with the highest pulse current. NOTE: Effective stimulation should not be assessed by ECG alone. A pulse keying is indispensable! # Stimulus threshold test and final adjustment of the pulse current strength:

The lowest pulse current required for effective stimulation is the stimulation threshold. One

Safe stimulation can only be guaranteed above the stimulation threshold. The double

Impulse energy would be recommended if it is tolerated by the patient under analgesia.

  1. Sensing threshold test:

To make sure that the pacemaker recognizes his own heart actions and does not

the sensitive phase of the pacemaker should be stimulated as much as possible.

can be set low. In practice, it is only possible to check the sensing threshold if

although faster eigenrhythms than the lowest adjustable pacemaker frequency are present. The pacemaker device switches to this lowest frequency (idR. 30min) and slowly increases the sensing in milliVolt until the own actions are no longer recognized and the pacemaker stimulates with 30 independent of the own actions of the heart. The highest setting at which self actions have just been detected is the sensing threshold. The final setting should be at half of the sensing threshold to enable the detection of extrasystoles with possibly lower potentials. The setting should not be too low to avoid inhibition of the pacemaker by muscle potentials.