Aortic Valve Insufficiency

An extension of the aortic valve is called aortic valve insufficiency and results in a reflux into the ventricle, a so-called "regurgitation".

The backflowing blood increases the preload (volume load) of the heart, since the blood is pumped several times and the return flow is added in addition to the volume from the atrium.

There are many reasons for aortic valve insufficiency, such as rheumatic fever, drug abuse, endocarditis or a genetic diseases such as Marfan syndrome. Diseases of the Aorta ascendens are the most frequent cause of aortic valve insufficiency.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aortic_insufficiency _([1])