Axon
The axon is an extension of the neuron, which, if necessary, can be very long. Via the axons of the neurons, the stimuli are sent as an electrical signal. The interruption of the electrical conduction in the synapsens prevents short circuits or unwanted refluxes. The neurotransmitters in the synapses are small chemical molecules which are stored in the vesiclesn of the synapsen and take over the chemical transmission of impulses.
Long axons are used in efferent and afferent nerve cells of the nervous system to conduct information over long distances in the body. In the brain and in the enteric Nervous System the axons are shorter because the cells there are used for information processing and less for transmission.
In marrow-containing nerve fibres, i.e. those surrounded by myelin-forming glial cells, ionscurrents flow from Ranvier-lacing ring to Ranvier-lacing ring with little loss. Only in the area of the Ranvier rings is the cell membrane depolarized and action potential. The AP thus jumps from Ranvierring to Ranvierring, which is why this form of excitation propagation is also called saltatory excitation conduction.