Swissmedic has a list of all recognised ethics committees in Switzerland. Ethics committees are established in university hospitals and almost all cantonal hospitals. If there is no local ethics committee, the review project is submitted to the central ethics committee, the "Swiss Academy of Medical Sciences". There are currently 19 ethics committees and 10 specialised subcommittees (SPUK) for all cantons. These ethics committees are organised under public law and have the fundamental task of ensuring that test persons and patients in clinics and practices are protected from dangerous research projects. This monitoring task of the ethics committees is associated with possible civil and criminal law risks.